feat(clickhouse): add UUID, Decimal, Array/Tuple, UInt8/Int8, raw ORDER BY, rawColumn passthrough

README.md

@@ -1774,9 +1774,11 @@ $result = $schema->table('users')
     ->createIfNotExists();
 ```
 
-Available column types: `id`, `string`, `text`, `mediumText`, `longText`, `integer`, `bigInteger`, `serial`, `bigSerial`, `smallSerial`, `float`, `boolean`, `datetime`, `timestamp`, `json`, `binary`, `enum`, `point`, `linestring`, `polygon`, `vector` (PostgreSQL only), `timestamps`.
+Available column types: `id`, `uuid`, `string`, `text`, `mediumText`, `longText`, `tinyInteger`, `smallInteger`, `integer`, `bigInteger`, `serial`, `bigSerial`, `smallSerial`, `float`, `decimal`, `boolean`, `datetime`, `timestamp`, `json`, `binary`, `enum`, `point`, `linestring`, `polygon`, `vector` (PostgreSQL only), `timestamps`.
 
-Column modifiers: `nullable()`, `default($value)`, `unsigned()`, `unique()`, `primary()`, `autoIncrement()`, `after($column)`, `comment($text)`, `collation($collation)`, `check($expression)`, `generatedAs($expression)` + `stored()` / `virtual()`, `ttl($expression)` (ClickHouse), `userType($name)` (PostgreSQL).
+Column modifiers: `nullable()`, `default($value)`, `defaultRaw($expression)`, `unsigned()`, `unique()`, `primary()`, `autoIncrement()`, `after($column)`, `comment($text)`, `collation($collation)`, `check($expression)`, `generatedAs($expression)` + `stored()` / `virtual()`, `ttl($expression)` (ClickHouse), `userType($name)` (PostgreSQL).
+
+**Raw default expressions** — use `defaultRaw($expression)` for dialect-specific server-generated defaults that `default()` would otherwise quote as a string literal (`now()`, `CURRENT_TIMESTAMP`, `gen_random_uuid()`, `generateUUIDv4()`, `UUID()`, …). The expression is emitted verbatim and must come from a trusted source; it must not be empty or contain a semicolon. Takes precedence over `default()` when both are set.
 
 **SERIAL types** — auto-incrementing integers. PostgreSQL emits native `SERIAL` / `BIGSERIAL` / `SMALLSERIAL`; MySQL/MariaDB compile to `INT AUTO_INCREMENT` / `BIGINT AUTO_INCREMENT` / `SMALLINT AUTO_INCREMENT`; SQLite maps to `INTEGER`. ClickHouse and MongoDB throw `UnsupportedException`:
 
@@ -2195,7 +2197,102 @@ $schema->table('events')
 
 The expression is emitted verbatim and must not be empty or contain a semicolon. `SAMPLE BY` only applies to engines that take an `ORDER BY` clause (the MergeTree family); using it with `Memory`, `Log`, `TinyLog`, or `StripeLog` throws `UnsupportedException`. The `sampleBy()` method is only available on the ClickHouse builder.
 
-These OLAP-shaped modifiers live on the ClickHouse-specific `Column\ClickHouse` and `Table\ClickHouse` builders. Because the methods only exist on the dialect's own builder subclasses, calling `->lowCardinality()` or `->sampleBy()` on a `MySQL`, `PostgreSQL`, `SQLite`, or `MongoDB` builder fails at the type level, with no runtime branch needed.
+**`UInt8` / `Int8` via `tinyInteger()` and `UInt16` / `Int16` via `smallInteger()`** — small integer columns are useful for bounded enumerations, percentage values, scroll depth, and similar fields where the value range fits well below 32 bits. Storing them as `UInt8` saves 75% of the disk and memory footprint compared to the default `UInt32` produced by `integer()->unsigned()`:
+
+```php
+$schema->table('events')
+    ->bigInteger('id')->primary()
+    ->tinyInteger('scroll_depth')->unsigned() // 0–100 percentage
+    ->smallInteger('year_offset')             // signed, fits years from epoch
+    ->create();
+
+// CREATE TABLE `events` (`id` Int64, `scroll_depth` UInt8, `year_offset` Int16)
+//   ENGINE = MergeTree() ORDER BY (`id`)
+```
+
+`tinyInteger()` and `smallInteger()` are on the base builder, so the same calls map to `TINYINT` / `SMALLINT` on MySQL, `SMALLINT` on PostgreSQL (both shapes — PostgreSQL has no `TINYINT`), and `INTEGER` on SQLite.
+
+**`Array(T)` and `Tuple(...)` column types** — model multi-valued attributes (tags, labels, parallel-array nested records) and fixed-arity composites (geo points, key/value pairs) directly on the builder:
+
+```php
+use Utopia\Query\Schema\ColumnType;
+
+$schema->table('events')
+    ->bigInteger('id')->primary()
+    ->array('meta.key', ColumnType::String)
+    ->array('meta.value', ColumnType::String)
+    ->array('user_ids', ColumnType::BigInteger)->unsigned()
+    ->tuple('coords', [ColumnType::Float, ColumnType::Float])
+    ->array('scores', ColumnType::String)->nullable()
+    ->create();
+
+// CREATE TABLE `events` (`id` Int64,
+//   `meta.key` Array(String), `meta.value` Array(String),
+//   `user_ids` Array(UInt64),
+//   `coords` Tuple(Float64, Float64),
+//   `scores` Nullable(Array(String))) ENGINE = MergeTree() ORDER BY (`id`)
+```
+
+The element type runs back through the standard column-type compiler, so the parent column's `unsigned()` and `precision` flags carry through to the inner type. `Nullable(...)` wraps the whole `Array`/`Tuple`; `LowCardinality(...)` is rejected on these columns because ClickHouse only permits it on scalar types. Both methods are only available on the ClickHouse builder.
+
+**`decimal(precision, scale)`** — fixed-point numeric column for monetary or precision-sensitive values where binary floating-point error is unacceptable:
+
+```php
+$schema->table('orders')
+    ->bigInteger('id')->primary()
+    ->decimal('amount', precision: 18, scale: 3)
+    ->decimal('rate', precision: 5, scale: 4)->nullable()
+    ->create();
+
+// CREATE TABLE `orders` (`id` Int64,
+//   `amount` Decimal(18, 3),
+//   `rate` Nullable(Decimal(5, 4))) ENGINE = MergeTree() ORDER BY (`id`)
+```
+
+`decimal()` is on the base builder: ClickHouse emits `Decimal(P, S)`, MySQL and PostgreSQL emit `DECIMAL(P, S)`, SQLite emits `NUMERIC(P, S)`, and MongoDB maps to the `decimal` BSON type. Scale must not be negative or exceed precision.
+
+**`UUID` column type with `defaultRaw()`** — UUIDs are a first-class, fixed-width identifier type in ClickHouse and PostgreSQL, and a 36-character string elsewhere. Pair with `defaultRaw()` to attach a server-generated default expression that the standard `default()` would otherwise quote as a literal:
+
+```php
+$schema->table('events')
+    ->uuid('event_id')->defaultRaw('generateUUIDv4()')->primary()
+    ->datetime('ts', 3)
+    ->create();
+
+// CREATE TABLE `events` (`event_id` UUID DEFAULT generateUUIDv4(), `ts` DateTime64(3))
+//   ENGINE = MergeTree() ORDER BY (`event_id`)
+```
+
+`uuid()` compiles to the native `UUID` type on ClickHouse and PostgreSQL, `CHAR(36)` on MySQL, `TEXT` on SQLite, and the `string` BSON type on MongoDB. `defaultRaw(string)` is on the base `Column` and emits the expression verbatim — use for `generateUUIDv4()` (ClickHouse), `gen_random_uuid()` (PostgreSQL), `UUID()` (MySQL), `now()`, `CURRENT_TIMESTAMP`, and similar dialect-specific server-generated defaults. The expression must come from a trusted source; it must not be empty or contain a semicolon. `defaultRaw()` takes precedence over `default()` when both are set.
+
+**Raw expressions in `ORDER BY`** — MergeTree `ORDER BY` clauses routinely include scalar function calls (`toDate(ts)`, `cityHash64(...)`, `intHash32(user_id)`) to control sparse-index cardinality. `orderBy(array)` restricts each entry to a plain identifier; use `orderByRaw(string)` to emit the full tuple verbatim:
+
+```php
+$schema->table('events')
+    ->string('tenant')
+    ->bigInteger('id')
+    ->datetime('ts')
+    ->orderByRaw('(`tenant`, toDate(`ts`), `id`)')
+    ->create();
+
+// CREATE TABLE `events` (`tenant` String, `id` Int64, `ts` DateTime)
+//   ENGINE = MergeTree() ORDER BY (`tenant`, toDate(`ts`), `id`)
+```
+
+The expression is emitted verbatim and must come from a trusted source. `orderByRaw()` takes precedence over `orderBy()` when both are set. Mirrors the existing `partitionBy(string)` convention. Only available on the ClickHouse builder.
+
+**`rawColumn()` passthrough** — `Table::rawColumn(string $definition)` is the standard escape hatch for column types the builder does not yet model. It is honoured on every dialect, including ClickHouse:
+
+```php
+$schema->table('events')
+    ->bigInteger('id')->primary()
+    ->rawColumn('`payload` JSON CODEC(ZSTD(3))')
+    ->create();
+
+// CREATE TABLE `events` (`id` Int64, `payload` JSON CODEC(ZSTD(3))) ...
+```
+
+These OLAP-shaped modifiers live on the ClickHouse-specific `Column\ClickHouse` and `Table\ClickHouse` builders. Because the methods only exist on the dialect's own builder subclasses, calling `->lowCardinality()`, `->sampleBy()`, `->array()`, `->tuple()`, or `->orderByRaw()` on a `MySQL`, `PostgreSQL`, `SQLite`, or `MongoDB` builder fails at the type level, with no runtime branch needed.
 
 ### SQLite Schema
 

src/Query/Schema.php

@@ -308,7 +308,9 @@ protected function compileColumnDefinition(Column $column): string
             $parts[] = 'NULL';
         }
 
-        if ($column->hasDefault) {
+        if ($column->defaultRaw !== null) {
+            $parts[] = 'DEFAULT ' . $column->defaultRaw;
+        } elseif ($column->hasDefault) {
             $parts[] = 'DEFAULT ' . $this->compileDefaultValue($column->default);
         }
 

src/Query/Schema/ClickHouse.php

@@ -46,13 +46,52 @@ protected function compileColumnType(Column $column): string
             return $type;
         }
 
+        if ($column instanceof Column\ClickHouse && $column->arrayElementType !== null) {
+            if ($column->isLowCardinality) {
+                throw new UnsupportedException('LowCardinality is not supported inside Array(...). Wrap the element type instead.');
+            }
+
+            $inner = $this->compileNestedElementType($column->arrayElementType, $column);
+            $type = 'Array(' . $inner . ')';
+
+            if ($column->isNullable) {
+                $type = 'Nullable(' . $type . ')';
+            }
+
+            return $type;
+        }
+
+        if ($column instanceof Column\ClickHouse && $column->tupleElementTypes !== []) {
+            if ($column->isLowCardinality) {
+                throw new UnsupportedException('LowCardinality is not supported on Tuple(...) columns.');
+            }
+
+            $inner = \implode(
+                ', ',
+                \array_map(
+                    fn (ColumnType $element): string => $this->compileNestedElementType($element, $column),
+                    $column->tupleElementTypes,
+                ),
+            );
+            $type = 'Tuple(' . $inner . ')';
+
+            if ($column->isNullable) {
+                $type = 'Nullable(' . $type . ')';
+            }
+
+            return $type;
+        }
+
         $type = match ($column->type) {
             ColumnType::String, ColumnType::Varchar, ColumnType::Relationship => 'String',
             ColumnType::Text => 'String',
             ColumnType::MediumText, ColumnType::LongText => 'String',
+            ColumnType::TinyInteger => $column->isUnsigned ? 'UInt8' : 'Int8',
+            ColumnType::SmallInteger => $column->isUnsigned ? 'UInt16' : 'Int16',
             ColumnType::Integer => $column->isUnsigned ? 'UInt32' : 'Int32',
             ColumnType::BigInteger, ColumnType::Id => $column->isUnsigned ? 'UInt64' : 'Int64',
             ColumnType::Float, ColumnType::Double => 'Float64',
+            ColumnType::Decimal => 'Decimal(' . ($column->precision ?? 10) . ', ' . ($column->scale ?? 0) . ')',
             ColumnType::Boolean => 'UInt8',
             ColumnType::Datetime => $column->precision ? 'DateTime64(' . $column->precision . ')' : 'DateTime',
             ColumnType::Timestamp => $column->precision ? 'DateTime64(' . $column->precision . ')' : 'DateTime',
@@ -62,9 +101,13 @@ protected function compileColumnType(Column $column): string
             ColumnType::Point => 'Tuple(Float64, Float64)',
             ColumnType::Linestring => 'Array(Tuple(Float64, Float64))',
             ColumnType::Polygon => 'Array(Array(Tuple(Float64, Float64)))',
+            ColumnType::Uuid => 'UUID',
             ColumnType::Uuid7 => 'FixedString(36)',
             ColumnType::Vector => 'Array(Float64)',
             ColumnType::Serial, ColumnType::BigSerial, ColumnType::SmallSerial => throw new UnsupportedException('SERIAL types are not supported in ClickHouse.'),
+            ColumnType::Array, ColumnType::Tuple => throw new UnsupportedException(
+                'Array/Tuple columns must be declared via Table\\ClickHouse::array() or ::tuple().'
+            ),
         };
 
         if ($column instanceof Column\ClickHouse && $column->isLowCardinality) {
@@ -103,7 +146,9 @@ protected function compileColumnDefinition(Column $column): string
             $this->compileColumnType($column),
         ];
 
-        if ($column->hasDefault) {
+        if ($column->defaultRaw !== null) {
+            $parts[] = 'DEFAULT ' . $column->defaultRaw;
+        } elseif ($column->hasDefault) {
             $parts[] = 'DEFAULT ' . $this->compileDefaultValue($column->default);
         }
 
@@ -211,6 +256,10 @@ public function compileCreate(Table $table, bool $ifNotExists = false): Statemen
             $primaryKeys = \array_map(fn (string $c): string => $this->quote($c), $table->compositePrimaryKey);
         }
 
+        foreach ($table->rawColumnDefs as $rawDef) {
+            $columnDefs[] = $rawDef;
+        }
+
         foreach ($table->indexes as $index) {
             if ($index->type !== IndexType::Index) {
                 throw new UnsupportedException(
@@ -239,13 +288,17 @@ public function compileCreate(Table $table, bool $ifNotExists = false): Statemen
         }
 
         if ($engine->requiresOrderBy()) {
-            $orderBy = ! empty($table->orderBy)
-                ? \array_map(fn (string $c): string => $this->quote($c), $table->orderBy)
-                : $primaryKeys;
-
-            $sql .= ! empty($orderBy)
-                ? ' ORDER BY (' . \implode(', ', $orderBy) . ')'
-                : ' ORDER BY tuple()';
+            if ($table instanceof Table\ClickHouse && $table->orderByRaw !== null) {
+                $sql .= ' ORDER BY ' . $table->orderByRaw;
+            } else {
+                $orderBy = ! empty($table->orderBy)
+                    ? \array_map(fn (string $c): string => $this->quote($c), $table->orderBy)
+                    : $primaryKeys;
+
+                $sql .= ! empty($orderBy)
+                    ? ' ORDER BY (' . \implode(', ', $orderBy) . ')'
+                    : ' ORDER BY tuple()';
+            }
         }
 
         if ($table instanceof Table\ClickHouse && $table->sampleBy !== null) {
@@ -350,6 +403,46 @@ private function compileEngine(Engine $engine, array $args): string
         };
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Compile an element type for use inside `Array(T)` or `Tuple(...)`.
+     *
+     * Element types come from the {@see ColumnType} enum directly, so they
+     * lack the per-column state (precision, unsigned flag, etc.) that
+     * {@see compileColumnType()} relies on. This helper falls back to the
+     * parent column's `isUnsigned` flag for integer elements and to the
+     * parent's `precision` for `Decimal` elements so callers can spell common
+     * shapes (`Array(UInt64)`, `Array(Decimal(18, 3))`) without leaking the
+     * inner-type complexity into the public API.
+     */
+    private function compileNestedElementType(ColumnType $element, Column $parent): string
+    {
+        return match ($element) {
+            ColumnType::String, ColumnType::Varchar, ColumnType::Relationship,
+            ColumnType::Text, ColumnType::MediumText, ColumnType::LongText,
+            ColumnType::Json, ColumnType::Object, ColumnType::Binary => 'String',
+            ColumnType::TinyInteger => $parent->isUnsigned ? 'UInt8' : 'Int8',
+            ColumnType::SmallInteger => $parent->isUnsigned ? 'UInt16' : 'Int16',
+            ColumnType::Integer => $parent->isUnsigned ? 'UInt32' : 'Int32',
+            ColumnType::BigInteger, ColumnType::Id => $parent->isUnsigned ? 'UInt64' : 'Int64',
+            ColumnType::Float, ColumnType::Double => 'Float64',
+            ColumnType::Decimal => 'Decimal(' . ($parent->precision ?? 10) . ', ' . ($parent->scale ?? 0) . ')',
+            ColumnType::Boolean => 'UInt8',
+            ColumnType::Datetime, ColumnType::Timestamp => $parent->precision
+                ? 'DateTime64(' . $parent->precision . ')'
+                : 'DateTime',
+            ColumnType::Uuid => 'UUID',
+            ColumnType::Uuid7 => 'FixedString(36)',
+            ColumnType::Point => 'Tuple(Float64, Float64)',
+            ColumnType::Linestring => 'Array(Tuple(Float64, Float64))',
+            ColumnType::Polygon => 'Array(Array(Tuple(Float64, Float64)))',
+            ColumnType::Vector => 'Array(Float64)',
+            ColumnType::Enum, ColumnType::Serial, ColumnType::BigSerial,
+            ColumnType::SmallSerial, ColumnType::Array, ColumnType::Tuple => throw new UnsupportedException(
+                'Nested element type ' . $element->value . ' is not supported inside Array/Tuple.'
+            ),
+        };
+    }
+
     /**
      * @param  string[]  $values
      */

src/Query/Schema/Column.php

@@ -17,6 +17,13 @@ class Column
 
     public protected(set) bool $hasDefault = false;
 
+    /**
+     * Raw default expression emitted verbatim after `DEFAULT` (e.g. `now()`,
+     * `generateUUIDv4()`, `gen_random_uuid()`). Distinct from {@see $default},
+     * which is rendered as a quoted literal.
+     */
+    public protected(set) ?string $defaultRaw = null;
+
     public protected(set) bool $isUnsigned = false;
 
     public protected(set) bool $isUnique = false;
@@ -63,6 +70,7 @@ public function __construct(
         public ColumnType $type,
         public ?int $length = null,
         public ?int $precision = null,
+        public ?int $scale = null,
     ) {
     }
 
@@ -81,6 +89,33 @@ public function default(mixed $value): static
         return $this;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Set a raw default expression rendered verbatim after `DEFAULT`.
+     *
+     * Use for dialect-specific server-generated defaults that {@see default()}
+     * would otherwise quote: `now()`, `CURRENT_TIMESTAMP`, `gen_random_uuid()`,
+     * `generateUUIDv4()`, etc. The expression is emitted unquoted and must come
+     * from a trusted (developer-controlled) source.
+     *
+     * @throws ValidationException if the expression is empty or contains ";".
+     */
+    public function defaultRaw(string $expression): static
+    {
+        $trimmed = \trim($expression);
+
+        if ($trimmed === '') {
+            throw new ValidationException('Raw default expression must not be empty.');
+        }
+
+        if (\str_contains($trimmed, ';')) {
+            throw new ValidationException('Raw default expression must not contain ";".');
+        }
+
+        $this->defaultRaw = $trimmed;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
     public function unsigned(): static
     {
         $this->isUnsigned = true;
@@ -285,6 +320,18 @@ public function longText(string $name): static
         return $this->table->longText($name);
     }
 
+    public function tinyInteger(string $name): static
+    {
+        /** @var static */
+        return $this->table->tinyInteger($name);
+    }
+
+    public function smallInteger(string $name): static
+    {
+        /** @var static */
+        return $this->table->smallInteger($name);
+    }
+
     public function integer(string $name): static
     {
         /** @var static */
@@ -297,6 +344,18 @@ public function bigInteger(string $name): static
         return $this->table->bigInteger($name);
     }
 
+    public function decimal(string $name, int $precision = 10, int $scale = 0): static
+    {
+        /** @var static */
+        return $this->table->decimal($name, $precision, $scale);
+    }
+
+    public function uuid(string $name): static
+    {
+        /** @var static */
+        return $this->table->uuid($name);
+    }
+
     public function serial(string $name): static
     {
         /** @var static */